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Types of Conversion

CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) conversion refers to the process of retrofitting vehicles or equipment to run on natural gas instead of traditional gasoline or diesel fuel. Each type of CNG conversion offers distinct advantages and considerations, depending on the vehicle type, application, and desired performance characteristics. There are several types of CNG conversion methods available, each suited to different vehicle types and applications. Here are the main types of CNG conversion:

Dedicated Conversion

Description: In a dedicated CNG conversion, the vehicle’s engine is modified to run exclusively on compressed natural gas.

Process:

  • The gasoline or diesel fuel system is replaced or modified to accommodate CNG components.
  • CNG injectors are installed to deliver natural gas into the engine’s combustion chambers.
  • A high-pressure CNG storage tank is mounted onto the vehicle, typically in the trunk or cargo area.
  • The vehicle’s electronic control unit (ECU) is reprogrammed or replaced to optimize engine performance with CNG.

Applications: Dedicated CNG conversions are commonly used for light-duty vehicles, such as cars, vans, and small trucks, as well as forklifts and other industrial equipment.

Bi-Fuel Conversion

Description: Bi-fuel conversion allows vehicles to operate on either gasoline (or diesel) or compressed natural gas, providing flexibility and extended range.

Process:

  • CNG conversion components are added to the vehicle alongside the existing gasoline or diesel fuel system.
  • The vehicle is equipped with dual fuel tanks—one for CNG and one for gasoline or diesel.
  • A switch or selector valve allows the driver to choose between CNG and gasoline/diesel operation.
  • The engine’s fuel management system automatically adjusts fuel delivery based on the selected fuel type.

Applications: Bi-fuel conversions are popular for fleet vehicles, including taxis, buses, and commercial trucks, where the ability to switch between fuels offers convenience and versatility.

Sequential Injection Conversion

Description: Sequential injection systems deliver natural gas to the engine’s combustion chambers in a precise and controlled manner, improving fuel efficiency and emissions performance.

Process:

  • CNG injectors are installed near the intake valves of each cylinder, allowing for individual cylinder fuel control.
  • Sensors monitor engine parameters, such as throttle position, airflow, and engine speed, to optimize fuel delivery.
  • The engine’s ECU is reprogrammed or replaced with a dedicated CNG control unit to manage fuel injection timing and duration.
  • Sequential injection systems offer superior performance and emissions compared to traditional mixer or carburetor conversions.

Applications: Sequential injection conversions are suitable for modern gasoline engines with electronic fuel injection (EFI) systems, providing seamless integration and improved drivability.

Mixer or Carburetor Conversion

Description: Mixer or carburetor conversions are simpler and more affordable CNG conversion methods that mix natural gas with air before entering the engine’s intake manifold.

Process:

  • A CNG mixer or carburetor is installed in place of the vehicle’s stock carburetor or throttle body.
  • Natural gas is drawn into the mixer/carburetor and mixed with air to form a combustible mixture.
  • The mixture is delivered to the engine’s intake manifold, where it is combusted in the cylinders.
  • These conversions typically require fewer modifications to the vehicle’s fuel system and engine controls.

Applications: Mixer or carburetor conversions are commonly used for older vehicles with carbureted engines, such as classic cars, motorcycles, and small engines.

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